Which economic system is characterized by a central authority controlling resources and production?

A command economy is characterized by significant control and planning by a central authority, typically the government. In this system, the central authority makes decisions about what goods and services are produced, how they are produced, and who receives them. The intention behind this structure is to allocate resources in a manner that aligns with the government's goals, such as achieving economic equality or meeting the needs of the populace as defined by the state.

In contrast, a market economy relies on individuals and businesses making decisions based on supply and demand, with minimal government intervention. A traditional economy is based on customs and traditions, often relying on agriculture or trade without significant modern economic influences. A mixed economy incorporates elements of both market and command economies, where both private enterprises and government play roles in the economic decision-making process.

Therefore, the distinction that defines a command economy is its centralized control of resources and production, which clearly aligns with the provided answer.